Stoicism's Four Cardinal Virtues

A Buddhist Lens

Stoicism, a philosophy rooted in ancient Greece, emphasizes four cardinal virtues: Wisdom, Courage, Justice, and Temperance. These virtues serve as a guiding framework for living a virtuous and fulfilling life. Interestingly, parallels can be drawn between these Stoic ideals and the teachings of early Buddhism, revealing shared insights on leading an ethical and balanced life.

1. Wisdom (Phronesis)

Stoic wisdom revolves around discerning what is within our control and aligning our actions accordingly. It emphasizes understanding the world as it is, not as we wish it to be. In early Buddhism, wisdom (Paññā) is a fundamental virtue as well. It’s deeply connected to seeing things as they truly are, which in Buddhist terms refers to understanding impermanence, suffering, and non-self—insights that lead to enlightenment.

2. Courage (Andreia)

Courage, for the Stoics, involves the ability to confront fear, pain, or adversity with resolve. In early Buddhism, courage is embodied in the strength to…